Tuhina Sahoo
Ensuring proper nutrition is vital for the healthy growth and development of toddlers and young children. From early feeding practices to managing picky eaters, each stage of a child’s life presents unique challenges and opportunities to establish good food habits.
Here’s a comprehensive look at the dietary needs of toddlers and children, enriched with expert advice on addressing common concerns and questions.
Early Feeding Practices
For infants, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Breast milk provides all the essential nutrients required for an infant’s growth and development. As the baby approaches six months, it is time to introduce semi-solid foods gradually. This transition is crucial as it provides additional nutrients needed as the baby’s growth demands increase.
Dr. Aditya Dehury, a pediatrician at ESI Hospital, Bhubaneswar, emphasizes the importance of recognizing when a baby is ready for solid foods. Signs include the baby showing interest in the food adults are eating and the ability to sit up and grasp food. He advises that home-cooked meals should be prioritized over pre-packaged options like Cerelac or Ceragrow, which are often marketed as convenient solutions but may not be as nutritious.
Controversy Surrounding Pre-Packaged Foods
The sugar content in pre-packaged baby foods, such as Nestlé's Cerelac, has been a topic of debate. Dr. Dehury highlights concerns that Nestlé's Cerelac sold in developing countries contains higher levels of added sugar compared to versions available in developed markets like the UK and Germany. This discrepancy is supported by a report from the Swiss investigative organization Public Eye, which claims that the UK and Germany versions of Cerelac do not contain added sugar, while those sold in India, Africa, and Latin America do.
The World Health Organization (WHO) advises against added sugars in baby food due to their association with obesity and other health issues. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have set a permissible limit for added sugar in baby cereals at 13.6 grams per 100 grams of serving. Nestlé states that its Cerelac contains about half of this limit and is developing a no-added-sugar version to address these concerns.
Addressing Slow Growth and Development
If a child is growing or developing more slowly than expected, it is essential to evaluate their nutritional intake. Dr. Dehury suggests that poor nutrition can hinder growth, but factors such as genetic predisposition, thyroid disorders, or malnutrition should also be considered. If necessary, medical interventions, including treatments for any underlying conditions, should be pursued.
Avoiding Salt and Sugar in the First Year
For infants, avoiding added salt and sugar is crucial. Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition during the first year. When introducing solid foods, it is best to use natural, whole foods without added sweeteners or salt. Babies often develop a taste for the foods they are introduced to, so sweetening foods with mashed fruits or vegetables can be a healthier alternative to added sugars.
Dr. Dehury confirms that there is no need for digestive enzymes to stimulate a child’s appetite. The natural hunger and appetite a child experiences are usually sufficient to encourage eating.
Managing Picky Eaters
Dr. Biswaranjan Mohanty, HOD of Nephrology at IMS & Sum Hospital, provides strategies for dealing with picky eaters. A well-balanced diet is crucial, with half of the child’s plate consisting of fruits and vegetables, complemented by whole grains and lean proteins like chicken, fish, and beans. Introducing new foods gradually and modifying preferred dishes can help expand a child's palate. For example, trying different types of cheese or bread can gently encourage a child to explore new tastes and textures.
Healthy Snack Choices for Toddlers
When choosing snacks for toddlers, it is important to avoid added sodium and sugar. Foods high in sodium and sugar, such as salty crackers, chips, cookies, and pastries, should be served sparingly. Instead, offer nutrient-dense snacks like fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain options to support overall health and development.
Handling Food Refusals
If a child refuses to eat certain foods, it is a common occurrence. Gradually reintroducing new foods and mixing them with familiar favorites can help. If necessary, consulting a doctor about the use of vitamin or digestive enzyme supplements might be beneficial. However, patience and persistence are key when encouraging a child to try new foods.
Strengthening Immunity During Seasonal Changes
Changing weather conditions can impact a child's immune system, making them more susceptible to infections. Ensuring a well-balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, including vitamin D, is important. Since exposure to sunlight, a primary source of vitamin D, may be limited during certain seasons, incorporating vitamin D-rich foods and antioxidants into the diet can help bolster immunity.
Establishing healthy food habits from an early age is essential for a child’s growth and development. Following expert guidelines on breastfeeding, introducing solid foods, and managing picky eating can help ensure that children receive the proper nutrition they need. By avoiding excessive sugars and salts and focusing on balanced, home-cooked meals, parents can support their children’s health and foster lifelong positive eating habits.
